Indiana Supreme Court · 2010
State v. Hobbs
An operational vehicle sitting in a public (non-residential) place can be searched without a warrant on probable cause — the driver does not have to be behind the wheel or anywhere near it. An exterior dog sniff is not a search, and the alert supplies the probable cause. This search was reasonable under Art. I, § 11 as well.
933 N.E.2d 1281
Find the opinion for State v. HobbsIndiana Supreme Court · 2013
Kevin M. Clark v. State of Indiana
Ordering people to sit on the ground so you can control their movements ends a consensual encounter and is a seizure. Without reasonable suspicion of a crime at that moment, the detention is illegal, and here the admission, the bag, and the car evidence that flowed straight from it were all suppressed.
994 N.E.2d 252
Find the opinion for Kevin M. Clark v. State of IndianaIndiana Court of Appeals · 2002
Ackerman v. State
In Indiana, FSTs ARE searches under Article I, Section 11 — so they have to be reasonable and you have to be able to justify them. But you do NOT have to give a Pirtle-style "you may consult an attorney" advisement before running them on a suspect in custody.
774 N.E.2d 970
Find the opinion for Ackerman v. StateEach summary was checked against the court’s majority opinion on September 30, 2026. Read the decision and follow your agency’s policy; this is reference guidance, not legal advice.