North Carolina Supreme Court · 2017
State v. Bullock
Under Rodriguez, ordering the driver out, an 8-9-second frisk and seating him in the cruiser while database checks ran did not unlawfully prolong the stop. Facts developed while the checks ran gave reasonable suspicion to hold him for a dog sniff. The court did not decide whether the frisk itself was justified.
805 S.E.2d 671
Find the opinion for State v. BullockNorth Carolina Supreme Court · 2011
Lee v. Gore
A refusal revocation stands on the paperwork. Before DMV can revoke for willful refusal under § 20-16.2(d) it must first receive a properly executed affidavit from law enforcement swearing to that refusal. Where the affidavit was not properly executed, DMV had no authority to revoke.
365 N.C. 227 (2011)
Find the opinion for Lee v. GoreNorth Carolina Supreme Court · 2002
State v. Barden
Miranda applies only to custodial interrogation. A suspect who is asked (not ordered) to come talk, is told he is not under arrest and does not have to come, drives himself in his own vehicle, is told again on arrival that he is free to leave at any time, is never restrained, and is allowed to walk out at the end is not in custody — so no warnings were required and his statements, including his confession, came in.
572 S.E.2d 108
Find the opinion for State v. BardenEach summary was checked against the court’s majority opinion on September 30, 2026. Read the decision and follow your agency’s policy; this is reference guidance, not legal advice.